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H. pylori: what you need to know

H. pylori: what you need to know

Understanding the basics

Helicobacter pylori, commonly known as H. pylori, is a bacterium that resides in the stomach lining. While it may sound alarming, it's actually quite common. In fact, it's estimated that around half of the world's population carries this bacterium in their stomachs, with many unaware of its presence¹. But what exactly is H. pylori, and why should you know about it?

What is H. pylori?

H. pylori is a type of bacteria that can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach. It was first identified in 1982 by Australian scientists Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who later received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery². While the majority of people infected with H. pylori do not experience any symptoms, it can lead to various gastrointestinal conditions, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even stomach cancer if left untreated.

How is it transmitted?

The exact route of transmission of H. pylori is still not entirely understood, but it is believed to spread through close contact with saliva, vomit, or faecal matter of infected individuals. Factors such as poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, and consuming contaminated food or water may increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms and complications: what to watch out for

While many individuals with H. pylori infection remain asymptomatic, some may experience symptoms such as:

  • Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Indigestion/heartburn
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Dark or tar-like stools

If left untreated, H. pylori infection can lead to more serious complications, including peptic ulcers (open sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine) and an increased risk of stomach cancer³.

Diagnosis and treatment: getting tested

If you experience persistent symptoms suggestive of an H. pylori infection, it's essential to seek medical advice. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of tests, which may include blood tests, stool tests, breath tests, and endoscopic procedures.

Treatment for H. pylori infection usually consists of a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This treatment regimen aims to eradicate the bacterium and heal any associated ulcers, reducing the risk of complications⁴.

Prevention: what you can do

While it may not always be possible to prevent H. pylori infection entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

  • Practise good hygiene, including thorough handwashing after using the toilet and before eating.
  • Avoid consuming food or water that may be contaminated.
  • Be mindful of food safety practices, particularly when travelling to areas with poor sanitation.
  • If you suspect you may have been exposed to H. pylori or are experiencing symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.

Other things to consider

Certain things can either cause symptoms that mimic those of H. pylori, or worsen the H. pylori symptoms you are experiencing. Try to avoid:

  • Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which include Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Naproxen, unless advised to take on medical grounds
  • Smoking
  • Spicy foods
  • Stress
  • Alcohol

Take control of your health

If you're concerned about H. pylori infection or experiencing symptoms suggestive of gastrointestinal issues, don't hesitate to take action. MyHealthChecked offers a convenient Stomach Ulcer (H. pylori) Rapid Test, allowing you to test for H. pylori infection in the comfort of your own home. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and promote better digestive health⁵.

Conclusion: knowledge is key

H. pylori infection may sound daunting, but armed with knowledge and awareness, you can take steps to protect yourself and your loved ones. By understanding the basics of H. pylori, recognising symptoms, and seeking timely medical advice, you can safeguard your digestive health and enjoy a better quality of life.

References

1. Marshall, B. J., & Warren, J. R. (1984). Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. The Lancet, 323(8390), 1311-1315.

2. Malfertheiner, P., Megraud, F., O'Morain, C. A., Gisbert, J. P., Kuipers, E. J., Axon, A. T., ... & European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group and Consensus panel. (2017). Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut, 66(1), 6-30.

3. McColl, K. E. (2010). Clinical practice. Helicobacter pylori infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(17), 1597-1604.

4. NICE CKS (2019). Helicobacter Pylori infection [ Available at https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/helicobacter-pylori-infection/].

5. Malfertheiner, P., & Megraud, F. (2017). Helicobacter pylori infection: management and challenges. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 11(1), 27-39.